Analysis of Particulate Matter 2.5, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, CO/CO2 ratio and rate of fuel consumption from the use of biomass stove fueled by corncob and rice husk

Abstract

This study was conducted to analyze PM2.5, CO and CO2 concentrations, CO/CO2 ratio, and the rate of fuel consumption due to the use of a biomass stove. Water Boiling Test Method was used to simulate cooking activities, which consisted of three phases, i.e., cold start (CS), hot start (HS), and simmering (SM). Biomass wastes used in this research were corncobs and rice husks. Based on the measurement results, for the corncob, PM2.5 concentrations were 239.823±60.83, 262.962±79.17, and 120.75±45.20μg/Nm3 at CM, HS, and SM phases, respectively. While for CO concentrations during the CM, HS, and SM phases were 36.984 ±3.67, 35.918±1.74, and 37.959±5.56 ppm, correspondingly. Moreover, 595,468±13.25, 611,492±7.73, and 565,205±18.50 ppm CO2 concentrations were detected during the CM, HS, and SM phases, respectively. Furthermore, for the rice husk biomass waste, PM2.5 concentrations of 158.579±14.07, 115.014±16.08, and 69.603±17.11 μg/Nm3 were observed during the CS, HS, and SM phases. While for CO concentrations during the CS, HS, and SM phases, the measured values were, in turn, 38.152±2.73, 38.152±5.02, and 36.422±4.72 ppm. Lastly, the measured CO2 concentrations were 593,647±8.28, 589,241±12.45, and 556,886±13.06 ppm for the CS, HS, and SM phases, respectively. PM2.5 and CO concentrations did not meet the air quality standards for both biomass wastes, while CO2 meets the air quality standard according to Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation No. 1077/2011. The CO/CO2 ratio of the biomass stove is above 0.02, while the specific fuel consumption rate, for corncob were 0.186, 0.135, and 0.238g/g, while for the rice husk were 0.238, 0.305, and 0.335g/g, during the cold start, hot start, and simmering phases.