Analysis of mixed convection under radiation and magnetohydrodynamics utilizing Kerosene-CNT nanofluid in a lid-driven cavity

Abstract

The main objective of the study is to investigate the fluid flow pattern and thermal behavior of time-dependent 2-dimensional lid-driven cavity flow in the presence of mixed convection. The square-shaped lid-driven chamber was filled with a nanofluid consisting of carbon nanotubes (CNT) dispersed in kerosene oil. A semicircular heater is positioned along the lower wall. The research also incorporates the examination of magnetohydrodynamics and radiation. The use of the Galerkin residual approach inside the finite element method is utilized to derive nonlinear dimensionless governing equations. The phenomenon of Brownian motion in nanoparticles is included into models that describe thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity. A constant magnetic field with a magnitude of Ha = 10, a constant Reynolds number of Re = 100, and a constant radiation parameter of Rd = 1 were selected for the study. Additionally, a nanofluid concentration of 5 % was chosen. The study aims to investigate the impact of mixed convection by using variable Richardson numbers within the range of 0.1 ≤ Ri ≤ 10. The results are presented in the form of streamlines, isotherms, 2D and 3D charts, illustrating the temporal variations of diverse thermophysical parameters. The investigation reveals that the magnitudes of the drag force and pressure gradient are comparatively greater in the scenario of natural convection. The drag force is 2.8 times greater in the Ri=10 case compared to the Ri=0.1 case. The velocity magnitude is found to be 18 times higher in the Ri= 10 case than in the Ri= 1 case. The Nusselt number has an elevated value as the Richardson number is augmented in conjunction with the dimensionless time (τ).