Abstract
Low Power Wide Area Network (LP-WAN) technology discovered their utilization withinside the IoT (IoT) structures because of their low energy intake and long-range, with low statistics costs as a compromise. One of the maximum applied LP-WAN technologies that operates in unlicensed spectrum is LoRa (Long Range). The description of different LP-WAN technology (Narrowband IoT, Sigfox, and LTE-M) and their evaluation with LoRa are supplied withinside the paper. Operating in an unlicensed spectrum makes the opportunity of the interference grow, that's treated via way of means of LoRa’s chirp unfold spectrum modulation. In LoRa communique, spreading factor (SF) has the maximum effect on electricity intake, time on air, and insurance area. Influence of the SF on communique parameters including sign-to-noise ratio (SNR), acquired sign power indicator and time on air is analyzed the use of over 6500 LoRa messages accumulated withinside the check community in Croatia. The evaluation effects confirmed the dependencies among SF, RSSI, and SNR and among theoretical value and the measured one.
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