Abstract
In this study, simulations of car-to-pedestrian collisions were conducted using multibody pedestrian models and a finite-element (FE) car model in order to examine the loadings on the lower extremity of the pedestrian. Bending moment diagrams were plotted versus time for the tibia, knee and femur; and the loadings on the lower extremities were evaluated using time-series comparisons. An analysis using a human FE pedestrian model also was conducted. The bending moment of the lower extremity was found to be comparable between the multibody and FE models. Car-to-pedestrian collisions were also simulated for various sizes of pedestrians. The bending moments were larger as the pedestrian size was larger, whereas the curve shape of the bending moment diagrams was similar for all sizes of pedestrians. It was shown that the bending moment diagrams using the multibody pedestrian models were useful for investigating the loading on the lower extremities for various sizes of pedestrians.
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