Abstract
In the conditions of the dump slopes formed by loose rocks, predominantly sandy rocks, which are at the first saturation, there is a significant risk of sliding due to liquefaction of the waste material. The liquefaction process may be triggered by hydrological, mechanical or seismic factors. In saturated sand, the space between the solid granules is completely filled with water, and the pore water pressure, which increases as the depth increases, causes the grains to move away from each other, so the material is flowing. Among the methods for assessing the liquefaction potential of rock masses/deposits can be summarized: historical phenomena observations, studying the liquefying potential area maps, analysis of geological process that led to the creation of rock deposits and the nature of rocks. The paper aims at assessing the risk of liquefaction of sterile material in the inner dump of the North Pesteana quarry during the flooding of the remaining gap, since the preliminary studies found that the sterile material consists of important fractions of sand, indicating that there is liquefaction potential. The risk of liquefaction was determined taking into account the liquefaction potential, the nature of the objectives in the area and the probability of liquefaction.
Highlights
Under the action of groundwater and generally, in the conditions of saturation of loose and sandy rocks and the manifestation of pore water pressure, the rock particles are surrounded by a water film, the material behaving like a liquid
Considering the location and the way of development of the dump in the remaining gap of the North Pesteana quarry, the eventual liquefaction phenomena would primarily affect the material in the dump on the surface of which there are no objectives of major interest but only spontaneously installed vegetation
The sandy fraction existing in the inner dump of the North Pesteana quarry imposed the assessment of liquefaction risk in the conditions of the water level rise in the remaining gap and implicitly in the dump
Summary
According to the literature [1] the risk of liquefaction is one of the major geotechnical hazards that may occur at the final slopes of the remaining gaps under the conditions of their flooding. In 1998 a liquefaction phenomenon occured on the embankment of Koschen dam. It resulted in the destruction of some installations, large losses of land and people exposure to dangerous conditions. In North Pesteana mining perimeter there were no liquefaction phenomena, but given the sand fraction present in the dump (≈ 48%) and the rise of the water level in the remaining gap during the flood, the problem of liquefaction can become a real one
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