ANALYSIS OF LABOUR MIGRATION IN TRANSCARPATHIAN SOCIUM

Abstract

The analysis of labour migration in Transcarpathian socium, as an example of mass labour migration, is conducted in this article. Methods of research: the complex of general scientific methods, analysis and synthesis, classification was used, and the quantitative study of inhabitants of the Transcarpathian region (December 2015 - February 2016) (n = 376), which was conducted with the help of method of questioningNowadays, we lack specialists in construction sphere, in sphere of service, students at the higher educational establishments in Transcarpathia.The operationalization of the concept of the labour migration, the analysis of statistical data in Transcarpathian region and the results of the author’s sociological study «Assessment of the use of social connections in the Transcarpathian socium» was conducted by questionnaires.It has been established that labour migration is understood, as the movement in space, carried out by the individuals to increase their standard of living on the basis of more profitable use of their own labor without changing their permanent place of residence. In connection with the outflow of labor personnel Ukraine does not adhere to about 40 billion UAH every year. In addition, the shortage of labour hands inhibits the development of individual sectors of industry and leads to a decline in regions. But on the other hand, money transfers from migrant workers have become a real factor in helping to maintain financial and social stability in the country. This money serves as a social stabilizer.Mass labour migration reduces the risk of a social explosion, improves unemployment statistics, and the currency arrives in the country. Thus, some current problems are solved, but strategically the country loses. Transcarpathian region is an example of mass labor migration which is only increasing year to year. Young people choose studying abroad, and they never return to work in Ukraine. Labour migrants from Transcarpathia work abroad legally and illegally, some on biometrics, some on working visas or Hungarian passports. As a rule, most of them have no health insurance, which is a serious risk for the migrant worker. The most negative factor in the labor migration of Transcarpathians, especially young people, is that they are not planning to return home. Our region is losing young progressive generation, therefore, it is necessary to reduce the outflow of young people abroad. Well, first of all, we must accurately diagnose the demographic situation in the country. In order to evaluate the real picture and to predict at least 10 years ahead, we need to hold a census. And also the average salary of a Ukrainian should not be less than 12 thousand UAH and within 10 years to reach the level of 2/3 of the average wage in the countries of Eastern Europe. The economy should become the financial basic guarantee of social policy.