Analysis of insecticide resistance-related genes of the Carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus based on a de novo assembled transcriptome.

Zhifeng Xu,Qiushuang Chen,Wenyi Zhu,Guangmao Shen,Xiangzun Wang,Lin He,Xing Liu,Yanchao Liu,Miao Peng

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094779

Abstract

The carmine spider mite (CSM), Tetranychus cinnabarinus, is an important pest mite in agriculture, because it can develop insecticide resistance easily. To gain valuable gene information and molecular basis for the future insecticide resistance study of CSM, the first transcriptome analysis of CSM was conducted. A total of 45,016 contigs and 25,519 unigenes were generated from the de novo transcriptome assembly, and 15,167 unigenes were annotated via BLAST querying against current databases, including nr, SwissProt, the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO). Aligning the transcript to Tetranychus urticae genome, the 19255 (75.45%) of the transcripts had significant (e-value <10−5) matches to T. urticae DNA genome, 19111 sequences matched to T. urticae proteome with an average protein length coverage of 42.55%. Core Eukaryotic Genes Mapping Approach (CEGMA) analysis identified 435 core eukaryotic genes (CEGs) in the CSM dataset corresponding to 95% coverage. Ten gene categories that relate to insecticide resistance in arthropod were generated from CSM transcriptome, including 53 P450-, 22 GSTs-, 23 CarEs-, 1 AChE-, 7 GluCls-, 9 nAChRs-, 8 GABA receptor-, 1 sodium channel-, 6 ATPase- and 12 Cyt b genes. We developed significant molecular resources for T. cinnabarinus putatively involved in insecticide resistance. The transcriptome assembly analysis will significantly facilitate our study on the mechanism of adapting environmental stress (including insecticide) in CSM at the molecular level, and will be very important for developing new control strategies against this pest mite.

Highlights

Carmine spider mite (CSM), Tetranychus cinnabarinus, known as cotton red spider, belongs to Class Arachnida, Subclass Acari, Order True Acarina, Family Tetranychidae [1,2]
As a starting point for transcript analysis, the proportion of the CSM transcriptome that was homologous to a predicted protein sequence in T. urticae genomes was analyzed
We identified 435 core eukaryotic genes (CEGs) in the CSM dataset corresponding to 95% coverage (Table S3), which is slightly lower than T. urticae genome (448 of 458 CEGs, 98%)

Summary

Introduction

Carmine spider mite (CSM), Tetranychus cinnabarinus, known as cotton red spider, belongs to Class Arachnida, Subclass Acari, Order True Acarina, Family Tetranychidae [1,2]. It is one of the most damaging pest mites in agriculture and forestry. CSM and two-spotted spider mite (TSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch, are both widely distributed polyphagous pest mites. Both of them are polymorphic in morphology, and are very similar in external morphologies.

Methods

Results

Conclusion