Abstract
The importance of scientific research and technological development is reflected in the fact that it is a fundamental contributor to meeting the needs of the industrial and economic sectors, creating job opportunities, and enhancing revenues by employing its outputs, in addition to its effective role in community building, development and welfare. In this paper, we have chosen the Syrian Arab Republic as an example for the analysis of the innovation system and technology transfer. We review the status of scientific research and technological development in Syria, since its official inception in 1958 until the present time. We conduct an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the innovation and technology transfer system in Syria (SWOT analysis). In order to reach an integrated system based on scientific research, we present a set of recommendations that help enhance strengths and overcome weaknesses. These recommendations also help to exploit the available opportunities and turn them into strengths, in addition to finding appropriate solutions to the risks faced by the innovation system in Syria.
Highlights
Research and technological development is an innovative, systematic activity aimed at increasing the pool of knowledge and using this reserve to develop modern applications, in addition to its effective role in building a knowledge society and achieving sustainable development [1]
Scientific research officially began in Syria in 1958, when the first law on the organization of universities in the United Arab Republic was passed and the Supreme Council for Science was established [2]
While the implementation of this policy is influenced by the current crisis in the country, it is an opportunity to prove the importance of research and technological development during crises and their role in helping to revive various development sectors [3]
Summary
Research and technological development is an innovative, systematic activity aimed at increasing the pool of knowledge and using this reserve to develop modern applications, in addition to its effective role in building a knowledge society and achieving sustainable development [1]. In 1969, a research center was established to conduct research in support of the economic and technological development of Syria. In 2005, Decree No 68 was issued establishing the High Commission for Scientific Research as a public authority of an administrative nature, responsible for the formulation of a comprehensive national policy in the field of scientific research and technological development, as well as for coordination between research bodies and support in achieving their goals at all levels, and for strengthening the mechanisms of communication between. Syria's downgrade in terms of innovation can be attributed to many reasons Some researchers attribute this decline to several reasons, the most important of which is the strategic position of Syria, which made it vulnerable to periodic wars that threaten its security and stability, the most recent of which is the ongoing war, as well as the brain drain and lack of an environment conducive to creativity or suitable for attracting talent. A large number of successes of some national scientific organizations have not found a suitable environment for their investment, since these organizations differ in their ability to make the most of the human and material resources available for scientific research, due to the complexity of the existing regulations and legislation and their inconsistency with the nature and the requirements of research activities of a scientific and innovative nature [4]
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