ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION GENRES IN NATIONAL JOURNALISM OF COLONIAL TURKESTAN (UZBEKISTAN)

Abstract

The foundation of periodicals in Turkestan during the Tsarist Russia, the role of Jadid journalists in disseminating information, the tasks of the press in Uzbekistan during the rule of Bolsheviks, the essence of authoritarian, totalitarian views (theories) on information and their consequences have been analyzed in the article. The item entitled “Short Stories from the Life of Russian Tsars, Local and Other Types of Information” pointed out in the charter of newspaper “Turkiston Viloyatining Gazeti” (Newspaper of Turkestan Region) is considered to be the first official source on the theory of authoritarian publications in the current research, with particular emphasis on peculiarities of highlighting the information provided in it. The newspaper reports, particularly, the events related to Dukchi Eshon’s rebellion in Andijan in 1898, being an important milestone in history, have been utilized for several purposes. The information on availability of inevitable severe punishment for those who tried to rebel against the Tsarist colonists and rewarding those who knew, felt, and reported or resisted those milestones has been studied as a rule of authoritarian theory. It has been proven in the article that Jadid publications of the early twentieth century (“Taraqqiy”, “Khurshid”, “Shuhrat”, “Samarkand”, “Turon”, “Sadoi Turkiston”, “Sadoi Fergana”, “Tujjor”, “Hurriyat”, “Najot” newspapers) were aimed at achieving independence by informing the oppressed people of the colony about various events taking place not only in Turkestan, but also around the world, as well as spreading enlightenment and development among the nation. The article analyzes the views of the enlightened (Jadid) journalists and editors on the dissemination of trustworthy information to the public as promoting the idea of freedom, their attitude towards information and their practice to our today’s national democratic journalism. The concealment of information as of the one of the flaws of the Soviet totalitarian theory of the press, the historical roots of the process, Bolshevik’s policy, the decree on the press signed by V.I. Ulyanov (Lenin); the press, which became a weapon of repression during Stalin’s time, the removal of providing breaking news in 70 years of totalitarian society, the repression of all journalists who acted in this way as they wanted to hide the actual information from the people in order to keep them in a state of fear, and the collapse of such a society have been closely studied.