Abstract
Impermeable materials are used for parking lots at apartment complexes and large stores which are concentrated in urban areas. These materials increase the amount of surface runoff by blocking infiltration, resulting in flood damage, dry stream phenomena in rivers in urban watersheds, and the depletion of ground water. In this study, a parking lot plot was constructed to quantitatively evaluate the efficiency of pavements using various materials (impermeable concrete, permeable concrete, and permeable block pavement). Four scenarios of rainfall intensity were simulated using a rainfall simulator within each plot (36 mm h−1, 48 mm h−1, 60 mm h−1, 72 mm h−1). The flow was observed by monitoring the system with a bucket flow meter. The efficiency and flow characteristics of the permeable concrete and block pavement were analyzed. The results were used to calculate the ratio of the surface flow to the infiltrating flow between impermeable and permeable pavements. The permeable concrete had a ratio of 1:0.9, and the permeable block pavement had a ratio of 1:0.58.
Highlights
The frequency and intensity of rainfall in summer have been increasing in Korea due to climate change
If a permeable pavement is installed in a parking lot, it will delay the start of the flow and the travel time by inhibiting the surface flow, and can reduce the peak flow and total flow
Existing studies have concentrated on the behavior of water on the surface of permeable pavements, but few studies have focused on the behavior of infiltration water and the water quantity after infiltration
Summary
The frequency and intensity of rainfall in summer have been increasing in Korea due to climate change. The scale of flood-related damage has been increasing and effective disaster prevention measures are needed [1]. The typhoon “Rusa” generated nearly 900 mm of precipitation for two days in 2002 and caused massive losses, taking 321 victims and damaging 5.1479 trillion. Extensive damage caused by the typhoon “Maemi” (130 casualties and property damage estimated at 4.2225 trillion KRW) led to increased governmental awareness regarding flood prevention measures [2]. Two major Korean cities, Busan and Ulsan, still suffered the effects of inundation due to typhoon “Chava” (2015) and torrential rainfall in 2017 despite having capable drainage systems and a huge underground storage system in problem areas
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