Design, application and performance improvement of Eco-Permeable pavement materials (Eco-PPMs): A review

Abstract

The eco-permeable pavement materials (Eco-PPMs) with merits of ecological functions well meet the essential requirements of the ‘sponge city’ concept. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the design, application and performance improvement of Eco-PPMs. This review indicates that (i) The Eco-PPM design for whatever asphalt-based or cement-based permeable pavement is majorly aimed at three aspects, air void, aggregate gradation and mix proportion. (ii) Eco-PPMs are usually presented in three pavement forms, permeable asphalt pavement (PAP), permeable concrete pavement (PCP) and permeable brick pavement (PBP). In terms of ecological applications, the permeable pavements especially PAP and PCP have a well-satisfied effect on noise reduction, water purification and mitigation of the urban heat island (UHI). (iii) Compared with conventional paving materials, the mechanical properties and durability of Eco-PPMs are generally about 50% worse. However, such performances could be improved by using new materials, designing internal pore structures, and developing advanced construction techniques and maintenance methods, resulting in at least a 20% increase. (iv) Eco-PPMs with ideal ecological functions completely match the ‘sponge city concept, which has been widely applied to urban roads. However, the synchronous improvement of road performances, the rapid construction technology and maintenance methods of permeable pavement still need further study. Especially, prefabricated road slabs with Eco-PPMs are encouraged.