Abstract
<em>Calocera viscosa</em> (Pers.: Fr.) Fr. (Basidiomycota) from <em>Dacrymycetaceae</em> family is a widespread species of mushroom in Poland. The aim of this study was to investigate the content of indole compounds in fruiting bodies and in mycelium cultured <em>in vitro</em> on solid and liquid medium of this species. Fruiting bodies of <em>Calocera viscosa</em> were collected in coniferous forests in south Poland and were used to derive <em>in vitro</em> cultures. The optimal medium composition for cultures was determined. Fresh material: fruiting bodies and mycelium from culture <em>in vitro</em> was frozen and then dried by lyophilization. The crushed dry biomass was extracted with petroleum ether to remove oil fraction, material was dried and extracted with methanol. Analysis of indole compounds was performed in methanol extracts using chromatographic methods: TLC, UV Vis, EIMS and HPLC. This analysis presented in all three extracts the following indole compounds: L-tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-methyltryptophan, melatonin and indole (contents fluctuated in the range: 0.37 to 11.88 mg/100 g d.w.). 5-hydroxytryptophan contents in all extracts were significant and amounted to 11.88 mg/100 g d.w. in fruiting bodies, and 11.42 in mycelium from liquid cultures and and 10.59 in mycelium from solid cultures. In addition, the fruiting bodies and mycelium from cultures on liquid medium revealed the presence of serotonin (0.39 and 3.19 mg/100 g d.w. respectively).
Highlights
Since the beginning of human evolution fruiting bodies of mushrooms belonging to the taxon Basidiomycota are appreciated for flavor and texture but especially for their chemical and dietary properties
The obtained biomass increments and dynamics of mycelium growth did not differ from the results that we obtained for Sarcodon imbricatus L. (Sułkowska-Ziaja 2010), Xerocomus badius (Fr.) Kühn. ex Gilb., Tricholoma equestre (L.: Fr.) Kumm. (Muszyńska et al 2009) and Cantharellus cibarius Fr. cultures studied earlier
The present study is an extension of the previous studies on accumulation of indole compounds and is the first report about their presence in: fruiting bodies and in mycelia of Calocera viscosa cultured in vitro
Summary
Since the beginning of human evolution fruiting bodies of mushrooms belonging to the taxon Basidiomycota are appreciated for flavor and texture but especially for their chemical and dietary properties. Mushrooms are a rich source of a variety of biologically active compounds belonging to both primary and secondary metabolites. Sułkowska-Ziaja (Yang et al 2001; Wasser 2002; Muszyńska et al 2010). The mushroom glucans are well known for their immunomodulatory properties and are used for anticancer therapy (Sułkowska-Ziaja et al 2005; Zaidman et al 2005; Muszyńska et al 2011a). Antitumor and cytostatic properties presented numerous terpenoids, especially sesquiterpenes and triterpenoids. A number of recent mycochemical papers have reported on the presence of many different terpene compounds (Barros et al 2008; Liu 2005)
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