Abstract
Geometrically exact beams with torsion-warping deformation are studied. With three-dimensional finite strains, the Wagner effects as well as initial curvature and twist are taken into account in a weak form quadrature element formulation. The cross-section warping function of arbitrary cross-sections is obtained by a two-dimensional weak form quadrature element analysis, enhancing the overall accuracy of the beam formulation. Typical examples with different cross-sections and loading cases are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the formulation.
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