Abstract
Aim. The purpose of this work is to analyse the factors influencing the development and spread of fire on the surface of external walls with facade insulation with a ventilated air layer. As well as analysis of causes and consequences of fires on the examples of resonant fires to develop and implement optimal engineering solutions to prevent the ignition and spread of fire on the surface of such structures.Research methods. The system approach and several general scientific research methods are used in the work. The analytical research method was used to analyse domestic and foreign regulations, guidelines and technical documents, manuals, reference books, test reports and other literature sources, Internet information.Results. At present, hinged ventilated facades are widely used for insulation during the reconstruction and construction of new buildings not only in our country but also abroad. At qualitative calculation, selection of materials and installation of such systems of warming, problems with its operation do not arise. However, still, the main problem of such structures is to ensure their fire safety. The article considers the causes and consequences of burning ventilated facades on the examples of resonant fires of previous years, as well as analyses the risks that arise during a fire in such systems. The factors influencing the destruction of structural elements and the spread of fire on the surface of the facade systems of the building are identified.To increase the fire safety of buildings equipped with ventilated facade systems, it is necessary to develop additional fire safety measures, which should include a study of the conditions of flame spread on the facade structures and the fire hazard of their elements; improvement of test methods for facade systems; development of methods to reduce fire hazard and increase the fire resistance of both systems in general and their elements in conjunction with the whole set of fire prevention measures of the building. The paper proposes optimal engineering measures that prevent ignition and spread of flame on the surface of the hinged ventilated facade system and provide the necessary limit of fire resistance of such structures.
Highlights
To increase the fire safety of buildings equipped with ventilated facade systems, it is necessary to develop additional fire safety measures, which should include a study of the conditions of flame spread on the facade structures and the fire hazard of their elements; improvement of test methods for facade systems; development of methods to reduce fire hazard and increase the fire resistance of both systems in general and their elements in conjunction with the whole set of fire prevention measures of the building
Запропоновано інженерні заходи для підвищення пожежної безпеки, а також забезпечення необхідної межі вогнестійкості конструкцій навісних вентильованих фасадних систем
Summary
У статті розглянуто причини та наслідки займання навісних вентильованих фасадів на прикладах резонансних пожеж минулих років, а також проаналізовано ризики, що виникають під час виникнення пожежі в таких системах. У зв’язку із цим значна увага до проблеми поширення та розвитку пожеж у будівлях із НВФС дає можливість їх виділити в окремий блок для проведення аналізу, виявлення джерел небезпеки, розроблення і ухвалення необхідних інженерно-технічних заходів під час проектування систем утеплення фасадів будівель та споруд, спрямованих на зниження їх пожежної небезпеки. В роботах [14,15,16,17,18,19] розглядаються основні проблеми, що виникають під час експлуатації навісних вентильованих фасадних систем, однією з яких є забезпечення пожежної безпеки таких систем та використання горючих матеріалів у їхніх конструкціях.
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