Analysis of environmental factors’ effect on the development of tourism

Abstract

Balancing of the tourism services’ development and natural environment’ opportunities is problem during anthropogenic effect is increasing. Migration of the population is increasing with the growing of the globalization process. As a result there is a duality in the development of tourist infrastructure and increasing the influence of tourists on ecology, changing of ecosystem. The article deals with the factors influencing the choice of tourists, tourist flows, analysis of the countries, where there is the greatest attendance of places of the rest. The correlation coefficient between indicators of environmental safety and tourists’ attendance is calculated. On the example of the Kyiv region, dynamic indicators and the relationship between emissions of harmful substances and environmental costs, as well as the number of tourists, were calculated. Three recreation areas on the Black Sea coast in the territory of three different countries are analyzed. Conclusions about different degrees of water’s and coastal area’s pollution and the Odessa coast’s pollution as a whole are made. Pollution of the Black Sea whole loch affects on the environment degradation of cross-border territories and tends to dampen the attractiveness for the recreation’s development of the sea rest. The analysis of pollutant emissions and the accumulated waste in the Odessa region is made and the anthropogenic effect on the coastal areas of the Black Sea region in Ukraine, Bulgaria and Romania is compared. The consequences of austerity on the environment preservation are explored and described. It leads to losses that are arise from decrease of the employability of local inhabitants and their diseases, of natural resources’ depletion, increasing of probability of natural disasters in the long term. In the article the conclusions about the effect of the tourists’ traffic and its’ influence on the ecology of the recreation areas and the slow anthropogenic impact on the new territories are made. The ways and solutions of modernization and reconstruction of the objects of the tourism infrastructure are suggested. They should to aim at increasing of the tourism’s traffic and enhance new and modern buildings of the recreation infrastructure.