Abstract
An efficient hybrid SIE-KA-FMM method is presented to analyze the electromagnetic scattering from combined conducting and dielectric objects above the rough surface. In this approach, the induced electric current on the rough surface is obtained by the Kirchhoff approximation (KA). The single integral equation (SIE) method is utilized to efficiently compute scattering from the composite target with markedly reducing the numbers of unknowns compared with the conventional coupled integral equation method. The fast multi-pole method (FMM) is incorporated for faster operation and less memory requirement. Several examples verify the validation of the hybrid SIE-KA-FMM method. The composite scattering characteristics of diversiform targets above the rough surface are obtained. Moreover, the numerical results with the different permittivity of dielectric part, polarization mode, working frequency, root mean square (RMS) and correlation length of rough surface, incident pitching/azimuth angle, and target height and target category have been analyzed to provide some useful conclusions.
Highlights
In recent years, the characteristics of electromagnetic scattering from three-dimensional objects with complex geometrical structure or composite material have been widely studied [1]–[6] due to its wide application prospects in both civil and military field
In section A, when we introduce the single integral equation (SIE) method to reduce the number of unknowns, the matrix condition number of electric field integral equation (EFIE) is improved
The viewing angle θs is from −90◦ to 90◦
Summary
The characteristics of electromagnetic scattering from three-dimensional objects with complex geometrical structure or composite material have been widely studied [1]–[6] due to its wide application prospects in both civil and military field. [26], these studies provide fresh insights into solving scattering from combined conducting and dielectric object using SIE method Such approach has only focus on the scattering characteristics of target. According to the Huyghens’ equivalence principle, induced electric current JKA on rough surface can be written as JKA = n 4 × Hsur, where n 4 denotes the unit normal vector of arbitrary point of rough surface and Hsur presents the total magnetic field. The operator L1d (·) and K1d (·) are the same as by changing the medium parameters and the integration over the inner surface of dielectric region Sd. The relationship between induced electric current and induced magnetic current on surface S2 and effective electric current Je2fef can be determined by the boundary conditions as follow: J2. Combined with (24a), (24b) and (24c), (19a) and (19b) can be written in matrix equation as follow: A11 A12 A13
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