Abstract
The electromagnetic (EM) scattering characteristics of target above coastal environment are complicated due to the simultaneous existence of ground region and sea region. Nevertheless, the actual target possesses both conducting part and dielectric part. Such a composite scattering problem involves multiple media parameters and large amount of unknowns. Hence, aiming at accurately and efficiently calculating the EM scattering from combined conducting and dielectric target above coastal environment, the hybrid SIE-KA method is introduced in which single integral equation (SIE) method is utilized to reduce the number of combined target's unknowns and Kirchhoff approximation (KA) is applied to obtain induced electric and magnetic current on the surface of coastal environment. Moreover, multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) is adopted to significantly reduce the computational cost and memory requirement. Several numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the hybrid method. Finally, the EM scattering characteristics of combined conducting and dielectric target above coastal environment have been studied. The radar cross section (RCS) curves with different category of environment, polarization mode, working frequency, statistic parameters of coastal environment, permittivity of target's dielectric part, target's height and target category have been analyzed in detail to provide some useful conclusions. The approach and results can be broadly applied in remote sensing simulation of coastal environment with combined target.
Highlights
Recent years have seen the rapid development of metamaterials, plasmonics, metasurface, graphene, AI-based algorithms [1]–[5]
There are certain disadvantages associated with the application of analytical method: firstly, it is only suitable for handling the symmetrical objects with simple boundary condition, e.g., sphere, cylinder and plane; secondly, it cannot handle several complex media situations, e.g., objects coated with inhomogeneous material, combined conducting and dielectric target or divisional circumstances
The rest of paper is organized as following: In Section II, we review the notations and formulations of the single integral equation (SIE)-Kirchhoff approximation (KA) and provide the new version adjusting to the coastal environment
Summary
Recent years have seen the rapid development of metamaterials, plasmonics, metasurface, graphene, AI-based algorithms [1]–[5]. From the boundary condition of dielectric rough surface, we obtain the following equations that are JKA = n 4 × Hsur and MKA = −n 4 × Esur, where n 4 is the unit normal vector of arbitrary point in coastal environment. Est and s t present the scattering electric and magnetic field of combined target, whose expressions are the same as (7) and (8); when incident wave illuminates the surface of coastal environment, the existence of surface will become the secondary incidence resource to illuminate the combined target. Essur-t and s sur-t present field and incident magnetic field from the divisional rough surface respectively, whose expressions can be written as.
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