Abstract
From the examination of rock physical parameters’ changes of compressive strength, shore hardness, water absorption, P-wave velocity with increasing freeze–thaw cycles, correlations of these parameters were investigated. Rock samples were collected from Ny-Ålesund region in Norway. As compressive strength and shore hardness inherently have high uncertainties due to inhomogeneous rock composition and internal fissures and cracks, only the relationship between water absorption and P-wave velocity revealed high correlations, providing meaningful linear fitting equations. From the correlation analysis results and clear trends of increasing water absorption and decreasing P-wave velocity with increasing freeze–thaw cycle found in part one of the companion study, prediction equations of future changes of rock physical parameters are proposed using P-wave velocity or water absorption. In addition, future rock weathering grade changes with time can be predicted from estimation of water absorption or P-wave velocity change due to freeze–thaw cycles.
Highlights
Prediction of physical changes and rock weathering during the freeze–thaw cycle is important because it plays an important role in controlling the long-term global climate, and influences the development landscapes, the formation of soil and the preservation of buildings and monuments [1,2,3,4,5,6].The changes in rock durability can cause reduced shear strength of the rock and discontinuities, leading to issues such as overall slope failure or localized rockfall, and contributing to the gradual destruction of the structure [7]
If changes in the freeze–thaw depth inside rocks were tested with varying persistence of air temperature, which is the largest factor in weathering except for freeze–thaw variables, the authors anticipate that the cumulative freeze–thaw weathering attenuation at a rock depth of 25 mm [27] could be rapidly and accurately calculated according to the persistence of air temperature and the relationship between artificial weathering and natural weathering could be analyzed more precisely
Correlation analysis of physical parameters of freeze–thaw weathering induced rocks collected from Ny-Ålesund region of Norway was conducted in this study
Summary
Prediction of physical changes and rock weathering during the freeze–thaw cycle is important because it plays an important role in controlling the long-term global climate, and influences the development landscapes, the formation of soil and the preservation of buildings and monuments [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Prediction of the durability of rocks allows the limit of validity to be estimated, which makes it possible to decide the appropriate time for maintenance and repair of rock-based historical monuments, roadside riprap, railway subgrade, pipelines, built heritage and buildings [8]. These structures are exposed to the variable atmosphere changes for long periods of time. The use of UCS, as proposed by International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) [28], to quantify weathering characteristics is more practical and appropriate; the high uncertainty in UCS estimation resulting from sampling induces difficulty in assessment of accurate in situ rock strength on site. Estimation of remaining time of rock weathering grade change is important to prepare conservation plan of rock-built structures
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