Abstract
Tumor cell adhesion to the endothelium is one pattern of tumor–endothelium interaction and a key step during tumor metastasis. Endothelium integrity is an important barrier to prevent tumor invasion and metastasis. Changes in endothelial cells (ECs) due to tumor cell adhesion provide important signaling mechanisms for the angiogenesis and metastasis of tumor cells. However, the changes happened in endothelial cells when tumor–endothelium interactions are still unclear. In this study, we used Affymetrix Gene Chip Human Transcriptome Array 2.0. and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to clarify the detailed gene alteration in endothelial cells adhered by prostate tumor cells PC-3M. A total of 504 differentially expressed mRNAs and 444 lncRNAs were obtained through chip data analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mainly mediated gland development and DNA replication at the biological level; at the cell component level, they were mainly involved in the mitochondrial inner membrane; and at the molecular function level, DEGs were mainly enriched in ATPase activity and catalytic activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathway analysis showed that the DEGs mainly regulated pathways in cancer, cell cycle, pyrimidine metabolism, and the mTOR signaling pathway. Then, we constructed a protein–protein interaction functional network and mRNA–lncRNA interaction network using Cytoscape v3.7.2. to identify core genes, mRNAs, and lncRNAs. The miRNAs targeted by the core mRNA PRKAA2 were predicted using databases (miRDB, RNA22, and Targetscan). The qPCR results showed that miR-124-3p, the predicted target miRNA of PRKAA2, was significantly downregulated in endothelial cells adhered by PC-3M. With a dual luciferase reporter assay, the binding of miR-124-3p with PRKAA2 3’UTR was confirmed. Additionally, by using the knockdown lentiviral vectors of miR-124-3p to downregulate the miR-124-3p expression level in endothelial cells, we found that the expression level of PRKAA2 increased accordingly. Taken together, the adhesion of tumor cells had a significant effect on mRNAs and lncRNAs in the endothelial cells, in which PRKAA2 is a notable changed molecule and miR-124-3p could regulate its expression and function in endothelial cells.
Highlights
Tumor metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related death in humans
Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathways Involved With Differential mRNAs in TC–endothelial cells (ECs)
The results showed that at the biological process level, the GO functions of differentially expressed mRNAs mainly mediated processes including gland development, DNA replication, and urogenital system development (Figure 2A); at the cell component level, differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly involved in the mitochondrial inner membrane (Figure 2B); and at the molecular function level, differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly enriched in ATPase activity and catalytic activity acting on DNA (Figure 2C)
Summary
It is a complex process that involves a wide variety of cell–cell communication (HDaF, 1996). The intact endothelium serves as a defensive barrier to prevent the extravasation of tumor cells. During this complex cascade of events, tumor cells have shown an ability to induce endothelial changes by directly targeting cells via soluble factors, adhesion receptors, gap junctions, and vesicles (Lopes-Bastos et al, 2016). Tumor-induced activation of quiescent endothelial cells involves the expression of angiogenesisrelated receptors and the induction of autocrine growth loops (Khodarev et al, 2003). Investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms and biological processes during tumor– endothelium interaction is important to understand and control tumor metastasis
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
