Analysis of development trends and structure of «green» investments in the world

Abstract

The analysis of development trends and the structure of «green» investments of the countries of the world is a relevant topic in the modern world, since the «green» economy and sustainable development are among the main priorities of many states. In the scientific work, the main trends in the development of «green» investments in the world as a whole and separately in selected countries were analyzed, the regularities and peculiarities of their structure were revealed. The main focus of the research is on countries with a high level of development, dense population, as well as economies that are actively developing and that have serious problems with energy supply. Among such countries, we can highlight the USA, China, Japan, Germany, France, Great Britain, Canada, Italy, Spain, Australia, Brazil and others. It was determined that the dynamics of «green» investments in the world for the period 2011–2021 shows significant growth. In 2012, the total amount of «green» investment in the world was 254 billion USD, and in 2021 it will reach 2.5 trillion USD. The lion's share of «green» investments in the world is directed to the field of renewable energy, the second place is occupied by the production of electric cars, the third is energy efficiency, and the fourth is the protection of water resources. The priority directions of «green» investments are highlighted, in particular, renewable energy sources, energy-efficient technologies, environmentally friendly production, etc. Based on the results of the research, the main laws and trends of the development of «green» investments in different countries of the world were determined, as well as the peculiarities of their structure were revealed. Factors affecting the development of the green economy and «green» investments in the countries of the world, such as financial incentives, state regulation, technological progress, and increased public awareness of environmental issues, are also analyzed. The growing dynamics of the implementation of nature-based solutions at the global level was noted. The results of the research can be useful for developing strategies for the development of the «green» economy and «green» investments in different countries of the world, as well as for determining priorities in the development of environmentally friendly technologies and productions.