Abstract
A method for the analysis of weak anionic surfactants based on N-acyl amino acids was developed. The surfactants were derivatized using 2,4′-dibromoacetophenone yielding 4′-bromophenacyl esters suitable for spectrophotometric detection. Surfactants containing glycine, threonine and glutamic acid were analyzed after derivatization using reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV/Vis and MS detection. The gradient profile was optimized using isocratic retention data of N-acyl-linked fatty acid homologues. The relative content of the homologues of N-acyl-linked fatty acids was expressed using the determined method. The intraday repeatability and stability of the prepared derivatives was tested. The relative content of fatty acids in the surfactants was correlated with the most common sources of fatty acids, showing high Pearson’s correlation coefficients with the typical fatty acids profile of a coconut oil.
Highlights
Surfactants are the generally main components of cosmetics, cleaning detergents, emulsions, and other products for household and industrial use
Weak anionic surfactants derived from amino acids and fatty acids originated from seed oils
The samples of fatty acid N-acyl-linked amino acid weak anionic surfactants can be separated in reversed-phase LC, due to the lack of chromophoric groups, the detection with the most reversed-phase LC, due to the lack of chromophoric groups, the detection with the most commonly used UV/Vis detectors is difficult
Summary
Surfactants are the generally main components of cosmetics, cleaning detergents, emulsions, and other products for household and industrial use. Biodegradable surfactants based on amino acids have become the major concern for the production of cosmetics. The nonpolar part usually represents long chain fatty acids, originated from coconut oil. The majority of the representative fatty acid in coconut oil is lauric acid (C12:0, 49.5%), followed by myristic acid (C14:0, 19.5%), palmitic acid (C16:0, 8.5%), caprylic acid (C8:0, 6.5%), capric acid (C10:0, 6.0%), and oleic acid (C18:1, 6.0%) [2]. These substances are generally used in cosmetics, keeping skin more moistened and healthier hair. The bacterial production of amino acid surfactants can be used for production from sustainable resources, like using the fermentation of cellulosic carbohydrates, i.e., soy hulls as an abundant waste material [7]
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