Analysis of Demographics Characteristics on Depression in Perimenopausal Staff at a Central General Hospital in Medan, Indonesia

Abstract

Introduction/Objective Perimenopause is a period where the ovary gradually starts to produce less estrogen. One of the impacts that could happen during perimenopause is the onset of depression arising from hormonal and metabolic disorders due to the significant decrease of ovarium function and secretion of endogenous estrogen. This study was conducted to assess the factors related to depression in perimenopausal women. Methods A multivariate linear regression analysis with a cross-sectional design was conducted at a Central General Hospital in Medan, Indonesia, from October 2023 to January 2024. Subjects were perimenopausal female staff at the hospital who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Symptoms of depression were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) score. Data analysis was conducted using bivariate and multivariate tests with linear regression. Results A total of 111 subjects were included in this study. The median age was 48 years, and the median Body Mass Index (BMI) was 25. The mean depression score based on BDI-II was 12.96±7.084. Bivariate analysis showed significance on age, years of education, total monthly income, BMI, and number of pregnancies. Multivariate analysis showed that total monthly income had the highest correlation amongst other variables, followed by age, while the number of pregnancies had the lowest correlation. Conclusion In conclusion, there was a significance between depression and age, income, and number of pregnancies in perimenopausal staff. On the other hand, there was no significance between depression and years of education, BMI, marital status, and chronic disease.