Analysis of correlation of 3-dimensional lip vermilion morphology and dentoskeletal forms in young Chinese adults on the basis of sex and skeletal patterns

Abstract

The objective of this research was to evaluate the correlation between 3-dimensional (3D) lip vermilion (LV) morphology and skeletal patterns as well as incisor measurements in young Chinese adults. In all, 240 young adults were enrolled; these included 80 patients each with skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions, respectively. Each sagittal skeletal pattern included 40 male and 40 female subjects. Twenty-two 3D LV measurements were obtained from 3D facial scans. Skeletal and incisor measurements were evaluated on lateral cephalograms. Correlation and regression analysis were performed between soft and hard tissue measurements. Six of 22 LV measurements showed significant differences between male and female subjects. The 3D LV morphology showed significant differences with respect to different skeletal patterns and sex. Adults with skeletal Class III malocclusion tended to have thinner upper vermilion and fuller lower vermilion than subjects with skeletal Class II and III malocclusion. The mandibular plane angle negatively correlated with the upper-lower vermilion midsagittal curve length and surface area ratio in adults with skeletal Class I and II malocclusion, yet the vertical facial skeletal type showed no correlation in adults with skeletal Class III malocclusion. The vermilion angle, central bow angle, vermilion height, vermilion midsagittal curve length, vermilion height and width ratio, and vermilion surface area showed a significant correlation with incisor measurements. Regression analysis found that the ANB angle was an important factor affecting the upper and lower vermilion midsagittal curve length and surface area ratio. Further, the vermilion height and height and width ratio were closely correlated with the interincisal (U1/L1) angle, whereas the central bow angle was closely correlated with the maxillary incisor torque. Most LV morphology variables were correlated to skeletal patterns and incisor measurements. Skeletal Class III malocclusion showed significant differences in vermilion morphology. Both the sagittal and vertical skeletal pattern have effects on vermilion proportion. The incisor torque was closely correlated to vermilion shape and central bow angle and might influencethe vermilion esthetics. However, the proportion of the upper and lower vermilion was mainly affected by the ANB angle.