Analysis of common geological models of materials

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The paper analyzes the physical models used in the study of the stressed state of geological rocks. Common physics models include: 1) soil and foam; 2) pseudo-tensor; 3) geological; 4) Schwer-Murray; 5) continuous surface of the cap; 6) Mohr-Coulomb; 6) connected stone. A graphical representation of the description of the soil and foam model is given. At the initial stages of loading with small deformations, the model behaves linearly elastically. When the level of deformations increases, it turns into a non-linear model. The graphical presentation of the pseudo-tensor model reflects two modes of operation of the model depending on the physical properties of the material. The geological model is one of the subspecies of the geological cap model and is used in solving geo-mechanical problems, as well as in modeling such materials as concrete. The graphic representation of the geological model is described by three curves, the functions of which are given in the paper. The Schwer-Murray model is an extended version of the geological model that includes viscoplasticity to calculate velocity effects and damage mechanics. The prize is designed for the study of such materials as soils, concrete and rocks. An improved Schwer-Murray model is the continuous cap surface model (CSCM), the yield surface of which is defined by three stress invariants. The Coulomb-Mohr model is intended for the study of solid elements, thick shells and SPH particles. It is used to represent cohesive or non-cohesive rocks, soils, clastic cemented rocks, sandy soils, and other granular materials. The joint stone model is analogous to the Drucker-Prager and Coulomb-Mohr models. The oriented crack model is used to model brittle materials (ceramics) or porous materials, such as concrete, which undergo failure due to high tensile loads. Basically, it can be an isotropic elastoplastic or elastic material with an oriented crack.