Abstract
Objective — To investigate the clinical characteristics of severe pneumonia in childhood under the regular prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2021. Methods — The clinical data of 132 children with severe pneumonia in our pediatric intensive care unit from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021, were counted. Results: There were 132 children diagnosed with severe pneumonia, including 49 with different underlying diseases: 12 with airway dysplasia, 13 with genetic metabolic diseases, 11 with congenital heart disease, 10 with malnutrition, 2 with drowning, and 1 with insecticide poisoning. Pathogenesis includes viruses: 33 cases of respiratory syncytial virus, 10 cases of influenza virus, 5 cases of cytomegalovirus, 3 cases of human rhinovirus, 2 cases of bocavirus, 1 case of adenovirus; 19 cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Bacteria: 7 cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 6 cases of Escherichia coli, 4 cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 cases of Staphylococcus aureus, including 1 case of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 2 cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2 cases of Haemophilus influenzae, 2 cases of Acinetobacter baumannii, 1 case of Cattamora, and 1 case of Serratia marcescens. There were 6 cases of fungi, and 107 strains were detected, with a detection rate of 81.0%. Conclusion — Children with combined underlying diseases are more likely to develop severe pneumonia, such as malnutrition, congenital heart disease, airway malformations, and congenital inherited metabolic diseases. The top three pathogens are respiratory syncytial virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza virus, and the top three bacterial infections are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Among them, small infants are mainly respiratory syncytial virus, older children are mainly Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and those who are positive for bacterial infections are mostly mixed infections. After active standardized treatment, the cure rate of severe pneumonia in infants and children is high.
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