Abstract
For economic reasons, increasing the use of various fibrous pulps with high lignin contents—i.e., chemothermomechanical pulp (BCTMP and CTMP), thermomechanical pulp (TMP), and semichemical pulp—is desirable. The relatively good quality and increased efficiency of these pulps make them attractive paper semi-products. In particular, they could alleviate the severe shortage of paper semi-products. Although mechanical pulp and semichemical pulp are achieving increasing quality with substantially increased wood efficiency, their production is often characterised by high consumption of electricity to defibre chips or refine high-lignin-content fibrous pulps. Technological, environmental, and economic evaluations of the manufacture and application of increased efficiency cellulose pulps that take into account potential profits from increased cellulose pulp efficiency and losses due to energy costs and degradation in the properties of the resulting paper are relevant and essential to paper mills. This article reports such an analysis. The authors have analysed the usable properties of ten cellulose pulps with various degrees of digestion and identified the optimum pulp that yields the optimum product properties, considering the yield; pulp refining time, which determines the cost of paper manufacture; and strength properties of the obtained paper.
Highlights
Cellulose pulp is manufactured from raw plant materials, wood
A European Union directive (COM/2018/340 final—2018/0172 (COD)) prohibiting the sale of disposable products made of standard plastics takes effect in 2021 and will undoubtedly provide a major stimulus for further growth in the consumption of cellulose pulp in Europe
From the results of the tests conducted in this study, pulp with a Kappa number equal to 64 was determined to be optimum based on the pulp yield and properties, as well as the expected costs associated with the pulp refining time and the quantity of raw material needed to obtain paper with desirable properties
Summary
Cellulose pulp is manufactured from raw plant materials, wood. It is the main ingredient and structural substance of paper and determines many of the properties of paper products [1,2,3]. A European Union directive (COM/2018/340 final—2018/0172 (COD)) prohibiting the sale of disposable products made of standard plastics takes effect in 2021 and will undoubtedly provide a major stimulus for further growth in the consumption of cellulose pulp in Europe These products will have to be replaced with alternative biodegradable products, among which paper-based products are expected to predominate. The majority of the lignin, which binds the cellulose fibres, is dissolved and leached from the raw wood material This process is not fully selective and a substantial fraction of the hemicelluloses and cellulose that make up the cellulose fibres undergo degradation [31]. The properties of ten paper pulps with varying delignification degrees were investigated in order to provide a basis for the technological and economic evaluation of the desirability of the manufacture and use of high-efficiency cellulose pulp
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