Abstract
The combination of biomaterials and stem cells for clinical applications constitute a great challenge in bone tissue engineering. Hence, cellular networks derived from cells-biomaterials crosstalk have a profound influence on cell behaviour and communication, preceding proliferation and differentiation. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro cellular networks derived from human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) and calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramic interaction. Biological performance of CaP bioceramic and hGMSCs interaction was evaluated through cell adhesion and distribution, cellular proliferation, and potential osteogenic differentiation, at three different times: 5 h, 1 week and 4 weeks. Results confirmed that hGMSCs met the required MSCs criteria while displaying osteogenic differentiaton capacities. We found a significant increase of cellular numbers and proliferation levels. Also, protein and mRNA OPN expression were upregulated in cells cultured with CaP bioceramic by day 21, suggesting an osteoinductible effect of the CaP bioceramic on hGMSCs. Remarkably, CaP bioceramic aggregations were obtained through hGMSCs bridges, suggesting the in vitro potential of macrostructures formation. We conclude that hGMSCs and CaP bioceramics with micro and macropores support hGMSC adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Our results suggest that investigations focused on the interface cells-biomaterials are essential for bone tissue regenerative therapies.
Highlights
Ageing is rapidly increasing and will soon become one of the major problems worldwide, with the expected amount of elderly being doubled in the coming 20 years[1]
A calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramic with both micro and macropores in combination with human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) was used in order to analyze their interaction and biocompatibility process along time in vitro for potential clinical applications
Adhesion, distribution, proliferation and osteogenic potential differentiation of hGMSCs were investigated, and cellular networks derived from cellular connectivity and CaP bioceramic-hGMSCs interaction were described, enriching a relatively little explored concept and providing new insigths into the field
Summary
Ageing is rapidly increasing and will soon become one of the major problems worldwide, with the expected amount of elderly being doubled in the coming 20 years[1]. MSCs are a promising source for tissue regeneration, mostly due to their ability to differentiate into various tissues such as bone, adipose tissue, cartilague and endothelium They have a high proliferation rate along with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial c apabilities[21,22,23,24]. While there is evidence for the potential use of hGMSCs in combination with CaP bioceramics for bone regeneration[30], its clinical usage is not yet widespread This is mainly because there is still research to be conducted to fully understand how these cells interact with bioceramics along time to eventually heal a wound or restore bone in a controlled regenerative therapy. New investigations focused on the interface between biomaterials and cells are essential for regenerative therapies
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