Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds such antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, psychotropics, human drugs, hormones, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, veterinary drugs and steroids occur widely in wastewater and drinking water. This pollution by active compounds and their metabolites is expected to increase with rising global population. Therefore, advanced monitoring and remediation techniques are needed. Here we review analytical and removal techniques for pharmaceuticals. Techniques focus on titrimetric, electrochemical, chromatographic and electrophoresis for analysis, and on membrane bioreactors for removal.
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