Analysis and Identification of Dermatological Diseases Using Gaussian Mixture Modeling

Chaahat Gupta,Parveen Kumar Lehana,Naveen Kumar Gondhi

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2929857

Abstract

Skin diseases are common and are mainly caused by virus, bacteria, fungus, or chemical disturbances. Timely analysis and identification are of utmost importance in order to control the further spread of these diseases. Control of these diseases is even more difficult in rural and resource-poor environments due to a lack of expertise in primary health centers. Hence, there is a need for providing self-assisting and innovative measures for the appropriate diagnosis of skin diseases. Use of mobile applications may provide inexpensive, simple, and efficient solutions for early diagnosis and treatment. This paper investigates the application of the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based on the analysis and classification of skin diseases from their visual images using a Mahalanobis distance measure. The GMM has been preferred over the convolution neural network (CNN) because of limited resources available within the mobile device. Gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) parameters contrast, correlation, energy, and homogeneity derived from skin images have been used as the input data for the GMM. The analysis of the results showed that the proposed method is able to predict the classification of skin diseases with satisfactory efficiency. It was also observed that different diseases occupy distinct spatial positions in multidimensional space clustered using the Mahalanobis distance measure.

Highlights

Human skin performs various functions like Vitamin-D synthesis, internal organs protection, control of water loss, and shielding the body from environmental hazardous
About 100 iterations were needed for convergence of the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and its approximation of the feature vectors for each type of skin diseases provided 8 priors, 8 × 4 centers, and 8 × 4 co-variances for each RGB component, giving a total of 72 valued feature vectors
For classification of the diseases, Euclidean and Mahalanobis distances amongst the diseases were estimated with respect to the normal skin

Summary

Introduction

Human skin performs various functions like Vitamin-D synthesis, internal organs protection, control of water loss, and shielding the body from environmental hazardous. It is the thinnest layer with thickness varying from 0.05 to 0.15 mm. It provides mechanical resistance and acts as barrier against bacteria, harmful chemicals, and ultraviolet (UV) radiations [1]. Dermis is the middle layer whose thickness varies from 1.5 mm to 4 mm. Its primary function is to protect the body from mechanical stress and strain. It is divided in two strata, papillary dermis and reticular dermis. Papillary dermis consists of loose fiber bundles connecting it to the epidermis.

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