A machine learning approach for skin disease detection and classification using image segmentation

Abstract

Skin diseases are common health problems around the world. The perils of the infections are invisible, which cause physical health distress as well as initiate mental depression. In addition, it sometimes leads to skin cancer in severe cases. Subsequently, diagnosing skin diseases from clinical images is one of the foremost challenging tasks in medical image analysis. Moreover, when performed manually by medical experts, diagnosing skin diseases is time-intensive and subjective. As a result, both patients and dermatologists require automatic skin disease prediction, which makes the treatments plan faster. In this work, we introduce a digital hair removal technique based on morphological filtering such as Black-Hat transformation and inpainting algorithm and then apply Gaussian filtering to de-blur or denoise the images. In addition, we apply the automatic Grabcut segmentation technique to segment out the affected lesions. For extracting underlying input patterns from the skin images, we apply the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and statistical features techniques. Three computationally efficient machine learning techniques, Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifiers are applied using the extracted features for effectively classifying the skin images as melanoma (MEL), melanocytic nevus (NV), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), actinic keratosis (AK), benign keratosis (BKL), dermatofibroma (DF), vascular lesion (VASC), and Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The models are validated using two standard datasets ISIC 2019 challenge and HAM10000. SVM performs slightly better than the other two classifiers. We have also compared our work with state-of-the-art methods.