Abstract
The influence of a resonant tube on the performance of acoustic standing wave-based levitation device (acoustic levitation device hereinafter) is studied by analyzing the acoustic pressure and levitation force of four types of acoustic levitation devices without a resonance tube and with resonance tubes of different radii R using ANSYS and MATLAB. Introducing a resonance tube either enhances or weakens the levitation strength of acoustic levitation device, depending on the resonance tube radii. Specifically, the levitation force is improved to a maximum degree when the resonance tube radius is slightly larger than the size of the reflector end face. Furthermore, the stability of acoustic levitation device is improved to a maximum degree by introducing a resonance tube of R=1.023λ. The experimental platform and levitation force measurement system of the acoustic levitation device with concave-end-face-type emitter and reflector are developed, and the test of suspended matters and liquid drops is conducted. Results show that the Φ6.5-mm steel ball is suspended easily when the resonance tube radius is 1.023λ, and the Φ5.5-mm steel ball cannot be suspended when the resonance tube radius is 1.251λ. The levitation capability of the original acoustic levitation device without a resonance tube is weakened when a resonance tube of R=1.251λ is applied. These results are consistent with the ANSYS simulation results. The levitation time of the liquid droplet with a resonance tube of R=1.023λ is longer than without a resonance tube. This result is also supported by the MATLAB simulation results. Therefore, the performance of acoustic levitation device can be improved by introducing a resonant tube with an appropriate radius.
Highlights
Containerless technology can be used to overcome the gravity of objects and to suspend them without any contact or container through using the acting forces produced by physical fields
The levitation force is improved to a maximum degree when the resonance tube radius is slightly larger than the size of the reflector end face
ANSYS analysis shows that the influence rule of a resonance tube on acoustic pressure is nearly uniform regardless of the type of acoustic levitation device
Summary
Containerless technology can be used to overcome the gravity of objects and to suspend them without any contact or container through using the acting forces produced by physical fields. Levitation technology based on acoustic standing wave can overcome the gravity of samples and achieve containerless levitation through using the nonlinear effect of the high intensity of the acoustic field, and the acoustic radiation pressure generated by the acoustic wave This technology can be used to suspend all kinds of samples and circumvent the limitation of the conductivity and magnetic properties of the samples.[7,8,9,10] This technology requires a reflector in its levitation device. Baer S presented the analysis theory of particle stability in a new acoustic levitation device to reduce particle oscillations.[15] Baer et al.[16] simulated the optimal emitter–reflector distances of a single-axis ultrasonic levitator for various temperatures and pressures of different gases They conducted the simulation with a finite element method using a modified Gor’kov equation, and verified the results through experiments.
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