Analyses of the fatigue crack propagation process and stress ratio effects using the two parameter method

Abstract

In situ SEM observations (Zhang JZ. A shear band decohesion model for small fatigue crack growth in an ultra-fine grain aluminium alloy. Eng Fract Mech 2000;65:665–81; Zhang JZ, Meng ZX. Direct high resolution in-site SEM observations of very small fatigue crack growth in the ultra fine grain aluminium alloy IN 9052. Script Mater 2004;50:825–28; Halliday MD, Poole P, Bowen P. New perspective on slip band decohesion as unifying fracture event during fatigue crack growth in both small and long cracks. Mater Sci Technol 1999;15:382–90) have revealed that fatigue crack propagation in aluminium alloys is caused by the shear band decohesion around the crack tip. The formation and cracking of the shear band is mainly caused by the plasticity generated in the loading part of a load cycle. This shear band decohesion process has been observed to occur in a continuous way over the time period during the loading part of a cycle. Based on this observation, in this study, a new parameter has been introduced to describe fatigue crack propagation rate. This new parameter, d a/d S, defines the fatigue crack propagation rate with the change of the applied stress at any moment of a stress cycle. The relationship between this new parameter and the conventional d a/d N parameter which describes fatigue crack propagation rate per stress cycle is given. Using this new parameter, it is proven that two loading parameters are necessary in order to accurately describe fatigue crack propagation rate per stress cycle, d a/d N. An analysis is performed and a general fatigue crack propagation model is developed. This model has the ability to describe the four general type of fatigue crack propagation behaviours summarised by Vasudevan and Sadananda (Vasudevan AK, Sadananda K. Fatigue crack growth in advanced materials. In: Fatigue 96, Proceedings of the sixth international conference on fatigue and fatigue threshold, vol. 1. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1996. p. 473–8).