Analyses of surface deformation with SBAR InSAR method and its relationship with aquifer occurrence in Surabaya City, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Listen

Translate article

Rapid development of Surabaya City requires space for industry and settlement. The city development is followed by increasing of water demand for various purposes. Large amount of groundwater extraction may cause ground subsidence. According to groundwater extraction, we tried to delineate the possibility of aquifer potential based on ground surface deformation using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Electrical Resistivity methods. The InSAR is a method to estimate surface deformation in millimeter scale based on different phase of SAR data between acquisition times. In this paper, surface deformation combined with ground resistivity was used to analyse the potential of aquifer related to subsidence at Surabaya City, East Java, Indonesia. The Small Based Subset (SBAS) method was used to reduce phase delayed in the interferogram due to atmospheric condition. Based on the SBAS InSAR the deformation was detected at Surabaya City in January 2007 to February 2008. The largest and lowest deformation about 40 mm/year and about 0-10 mm/year were located in North to Southeastern and Western part of the city, respectively. The geodetic Global Positioning System (GPS) campaign in Surabaya confirmed that the detected deformation correlated with the ground subsidence with correlation coefficient about 0.96. To obtain the subsurface structures at subsidence zones, the Electrical Resistivity survey with Schlumberger configuration was performed in Surabaya city. According to the SBAS InSAR and subsurface resistivity, the subsidence around Pabeancantikan, Kenjeran, Simokerto and Tenggilismejoyo sub-districts agreed to high resistivity about 7-18 Ωm. The Sandstone of Kabuh and Pucangan formations in this area served as ground water aquifer which used by more than 200 wells. Ground water extraction probably triggered the subsidence at ground surface. The high resistivity at subsidence zones originated from high porosity of rocks served as aquifer with high groundwater extraction.