Abstract
Indonesia's forest covers about 133 million hectares. Local people of Pulau Laut in Kalimantan used to do shifting cultivation to manage their agricultural activities for food crops in the forest due to its poor soil of minerals and nutrients for years.The increased population and industrial development of forestry, plantation and mining caused decreasing of forest area, hence the shifting cultivation period has been shortened and encroach forest area. In consequence, degradation of the forest area is increasing.This study was conducted to identify how significant the role of agroforestry (“tumpangsari”) to prevent forest encroachment.The objectives of study were to analyze:(1) the contribution of agroforestry as forest partnership management to minimize the encroachment of forest area, (2) the “tumpangsari” cost and revenue,(3) the benefits of this program for local people, the estate forest company and for food security. In general, the growth of Acacia mangium planted in agroforestry model area has better performance compared with those planted in non agroforestry area significantly shown fortwo years of A.mangium growth period. The productivity of rice in “tumpangsari” model was 3.3 tones ha-1which higher than that of in shifting cultivation area in secondary forest of about 3.1 tones ha-1. The revenue from rice cultivation by “tumpangsari” model was Rp 10.032 million ha-1 and the production cost was Rp 5.932 million ha-1 and R/C ratio of about 1.69.This research pointed out that agroforestry have many benefits for minimize forest encroachment as it provides opportunity to increase the rice production through the partnership management on forest land without change its function.Keywords: agroforestry, “tumpangsari”, forest encroachment, partnership
Highlights
Indonesia's forest covers about 133 million hectares
do shifting cultivation to manage their agricultural activities for food crops in the forest
The objectives of study were to analyze:(1
Summary
Luas kawasan hutan di Indonesia kurang lebih 133 juta hektar, 31% lebih diantaranya tidak bervegetasi hutan (Kemenhut 2011). Masyarakat sekitar dan di dalam hutan pada umumnya bercocok tanam dengan membuka hutan untuk perladangan. Peningkatan jumlah penduduk adanya perubahan kawasan hutan untuk non kehutanan telah mempersempit luasan lahan perladangan sehingga masa bero diperpendek dan lahan terdegradasi. Kebiasaan penduduk sekitar untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan (subsisten) dengan sistim perladangan berpindah masih menjadi tradisi dengan cara membuka hutan. Konflik lahan antara perusahaan pemegang izin dengan masyarakat sekitar sering terjadi dalam pemanfaatan lahan hutan. Program agroforestri seperti tumpangsari sudah menjadi kegiatan umum di Jawa, tetapi masyarakat sekitar hutandi luar Jawa lebih suka membuka hutan untuk berladang. Sistim agroforestri tersebut diharapkan tersedia cukup lahan untuk tanaman pangan dan fungsi hutan produksi tetap terjaga, serta pengelolaan hutan dalam rangka penyediaan bahan baku kayu bulat tetap terjamin sebagaimana ditunjukan Gambar 1. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menggali potensi lahan hutan untuk tanaman pangan, menganalisis peluang di hutan tanaman untuk tanaman pangan tanpa merubah fungsi hutan, menurunkan konflik, meningkatkan pertumbuhan tegakan dan menjaga ketahanan pangan
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