Abstract
Today, production problems are complex. The majority of production activities lead to unmoral judgment. This condition is dominated by the thinking of a capitalist and socialist economic system. The focus of the production theory of Muslim thinkers studied is Al-Ghazali, but it is juxtaposed with the perspectives of other Muslim thinkers, namely Ibn Khaldun, Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr and Muhammad Abdul Mannan in order to complete and provide solutions to current production problems. This research is library research. using a sociological-historical approach. The method of data collection in this study used the documentation method. Then analyzed using comparative descriptive analysis. The results showed that al-Ghazali's perspective with other Muslim thinkers had two tendencies, namely similarities and differences. From the equation side, it consists of the definition of production; production purposes; the view of production in Islam; factor; and cooperation in production. Meanwhile, in terms of differences, there are 2 aspects, namely competition in production and levels in production
Highlights
The focus of the production theory of Muslim thinkers studied is Al-Ghazali, but it is juxtaposed with the perspectives of other Muslim thinkers, namely Ibn Khaldun, Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr and Muhammad Abdul Mannan in order to complete and provide solutions to current production problems
The results showed that al-Ghazali's perspective with other Muslim thinkers had two tendencies, namely similarities and differences
Teori Konsumsi dan Produksi Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam
Summary
Secara sederhana kita bisa mengatakan, sistem ekonomi Islam adalah suatu sistem ekonomi yang didasarkan pada ajaran dan nilai-nilai Islam (Qardhawi, 1997). Membantu para peminat studi fiqh muamalah dalam melakukan studi perbandingan antara ekonomi Islam dengan ekonomi konvensional. Mahmud Muhammad Bablily menetapkan lima prinsip yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan ekonomi dalam Islam, yaitu: al-ukhuwwa (persaudaraan), al-ihsan (berbuat baik), al-nasihah (memberi nasihat), al-istiqamah (teguh pendirian), dan al-taqwa (bersikap takwa) (Bablily, 1990). Raihan Sharif dalam Islamic Social Framework, struktur sistem ekonomi Islam didasarkan pada empat kaidah struktural yaitu: (1) trusteeship of man (perwalian manusia); (2) co-operation (kerja sama); (3) limite private property (pemilikan pribadi yang terbatas); dan (4) state enterprise (perusahaan negara). Ekonomi Islam menurutnya didasarkan pada tiga prinsip, yaitu: (1) the principle of tawheed and brotherhood (prinsip tauhid dan persaudaraan), (2) the principle of work and productivity. (prinsipkerja dan produktifitas), dan (3) the principle of distributional equity (prinsip pemerataan dalam distribusi) (Edwin, 2006)
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