Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of N-buthanol Portion of Acacia nilotica Pods in Mice and Wistar rats.

Maibouge Tanko Mahamane Salissou,Yusuf Tanko:,Abdullahi Hamza Yaro,Rabiu Abdussalam Magaji

doi:10.18535/ijsrm/v10i01.mp02

Maibouge Tanko Mahamane Salissou, Yusuf Tanko: + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i01.mp02

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Abstract

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the n-buthanol fraction of Acacia nilotica pods (BF ANP) is investigated in this study. The fraction was subjected for: Phytochemical screening, which revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannin,saponnin, glycosides while the acute toxicity studies showed a relative LD 50 of 565mg/kg (ip). The fraction showed both central and peripheral analgesic activity. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test used to determine peripheral analgesic activity, the BF ANP at the 160,80,40 mg/kg dose inhibits writhing, comparable to reference drug ketoprofen (10 mg/kg) which are all statistically significant (P≤0.001).In central analgesic activity using hot plat method, BF ANP produced central analgesic activity in a dose-dependent manner by elongation of hot plat time when compared to the standard drugs pentazocine. Both BF ANP and pentazocine inhibit significantly licking activity in the formalin-induced pain in mice. Anti-inflammatory activity in the rat paw edema model, BF ANP produced a significant reduction in carrageenan-induced paw edema (p≤0.05). BF ANP when compare to standard drugs ketoprofen is as potent as standard drugs. This study demonstrated that BF ANP possesses significant anti-inflammatory and both central and peripheral analgesic activity due to presence of flavonoids tannin and saponin in that active portion.

Highlights

Acacia nilotica (AN) has diverse ethno medicinal uses: rheumatic pain, and inflammation
The abdominal injection of acetic acid triggers the release of mediators of pain such as prostaglandins and other cytokines, meaning that the fraction may be acting by inhibiting the actions of cyclocoxygenase (COX) which is responsible for producing prostaglandins from arachidonic acids
The present results suggest that the management of pain by this plant maybe by both peripheral and central pain inhibition or by inhibition of inflammatory mediators. and this may be attributed to some phytochemicals in that fraction like flavonoids, which have been shown to reduce the number of paw licking in the formalin test in rats (Calixto, 2000).The most widely used for the screening of new anti-inflammatory agents is the carrageenan-induced paw edema (Adomou, 2005) and is believed to be biphasic

Summary

Introduction

Acacia nilotica (AN) has diverse ethno medicinal uses: rheumatic pain, and inflammation. Acute toxicity study was done by methods of Lorke 1983 phytochemical screening was done using standard methods, peripheral analgesic effect was evaluated using acetic acid induced writhing test, central analgesic activity using hot plat method while the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was done using formalin induced hind paw edema model Results: Phytochemical screening, revealed presence of flavonoids, tannin, saponnin, glycosides , the acute toxicity studies showed an LD 50 of 565mg/kg (ip). Inflammation is a response of vascularized tissue to damage due to physical trauma, noxious chemicals, and microbial agents’.It is viewed as a harmful reaction, it is a protective response that is essential for survival It serves to rid the host of both the initial cause of cell injury and the consequences of such injury (Kumar; 2017).

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