Abstract

Abstract Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is a rare but increasingly prevalent disease, predominantly driven by human papillomavirus infection, with decreasing prevalence among individuals of vaccination-eligible age. In this review, we discuss both the current standard of care and future approaches for managing ASCC. There is interest in de-escalating therapy to minimize treatment-related morbidity, with studies such as DECREASE and PLATO currently ongoing. The integration of liquid biopsies as well as molecular biomarkers into clinical practice offers an exciting new frontier for personalized ASCC treatment. The future of anal cancer management lies in a personalized, biomarker-driven approach, which holds promise to transform clinical decision-making and enhance both the quantity and quality of life for patients with ASCC.

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