Abstract
This study examined the use of O. gratissimum oil as anesthetic in O. niloticus juveniles. Ten fish with average weight (36.0 ± 1.6 g) were allocated to five rectangular tanks (50 × 34 × 27 cm) containing 35 litres using completely randomized design in triplicates and a control. The experimental treatment (dose) were prepared using 1:20 of extract oil and ethanol in five concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/l) and exposed for twenty minutes before transferred in to recovery tanks. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Duncan multiple range test to separate the means and regression analysis. The results show that concentration of 100 mg/l anesthetized highest number of fish (10.00 ± 0.00) while the least was observed in 20 mg/l (1.67 ± 1.53) within three minutes. Fastest recovery was observed in fish anesthetized with the 20 mg/l of oil while 100mg/l had the least mean recovered fish (1.00 ± 1.00) within three minutes. There are relationships among induction time (R2=0.892), concentration of oil and recovery time (R2=0.905). However, 60 mg/l is considered adequate for the anesthetic of O. niloticus.
Highlights
The Oreochromis niloticus is an important fish culture by many fish farmers in Nigeria
Fresh leaves of O. gratissiumum were obtained from a backyard in Agbowo, Ibadan and identified at the herbarium of the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), Ibadan
Table 1Induction and recovery at stage 3 of O. niloticus juveniles exposed to O. gratissimum oil
Summary
The Oreochromis niloticus is an important fish culture by many fish farmers in Nigeria. Fish handlers usually sustain injuries during handling of O. niloticus because it has several fins making it difficult to handle. Activities such as blood taking and transportation are common practices in today aquaculture research expose fish to trauma, pester and anxiety leading to loss of mobility and loss of balancing among others [4]. In Nigeria, the plant grows virtually in all regions It could be found in many farms, residential and industrial areas. It grows and survives well in south-west of Nigeria and could be found at backyard where it is not intentionally planted
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