Abstract
The effect of growth conditions on the crystal perfection in Czochralski-grown LiNbO 3 single crystals was investigated by the X-ray topographic technique. Comparison was made between crystals grown from the stoichiometric and the congruent melts, and between crystals pulled along 〈001〉 and 〈2I0〉 directions. Various kinds of lattice defects, such as dislocations, subgrain boundaries, and gross imperfections at the ferroelectric domain boundaries in an as-grown state, were successfully observed in crystals. Furthermore, as an indication of crystal perfectness, the so-called margin enhancement was observed in the section topographs of a 〈001〉 pulled crystal grown from the fresh congruent melt. The optical quality of crystals was found to be degraded by subgrain boundaries, subgrains with a lattice distortion and gross imperfections at the domain boundaries. These detrimental imperfections could not be completely removed by annealing and poling processes. However, they were found to be considerably controlled by the appropriate selections of the melt composition and pulling axis.
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