Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a pandemic since March 2020 and led to significant challenges to over 200 countries and regions all over the world. The establishment of highly pathogenic coronavirus animal model is beneficial for the study of vaccines and pathogenic mechanism of the virus. Laboratory mice, Syrian hamsters, Non-human primates and Ferrets have been used to establish animal models of emerging coronavirus infection. Different animal models can reproduce clinical infection symptoms at different levels. Appropriate animal models are of great significance for the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the research progress related to vaccines. This review aims to introduce the current progress about experimental animal models for SARS-CoV-2, and collectively generalize critical aspects of disease manifestation in humans and increase their usefulness in research into COVID-19 pathogenesis and developing new preventions and treatments.
Highlights
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped positive-strand RNA virus, a member of the β-coronavirus genus, whose envelope spike protein binds to the cellsurface specific receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to initiate the infection (Zhou P. et al, 2020)
The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 did not infect wild-type mice, but was susceptible to infect human ACE2 (hACE2) transgenic mice
Animal infection models have been rapidly mobilized in response to COVID-19 pandemic
Summary
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped positive-strand RNA virus, a member of the β-coronavirus genus, whose envelope spike protein binds to the cellsurface specific receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to initiate the infection (Zhou P. et al, 2020). Researchers across the world rapidly reported a series of studies on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID19, including the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence (Harcourt et al, 2020; Zhu et al, 2020), the clinical symptoms of infected patients (Chen et al, 2020; Huang et al, 2020), the corresponding. Many clinical trials about vaccine effectiveness are under way around the world, supported by the development of animal infection models. Preclinical studies on different model organisms will help to understand the basic characteristics of SARS-CoV2 virus and its pathogenesis, and help to better understand and test the safety and effectiveness of therapeutic drugs and vaccines. This review summarized the characteristics of various animal models of SARS-CoV-2 since the outbreak, and analyzed the application scope of different experimental animals (Table 1), so as to provide certain theoretical references for optimizing and selecting animal models of COVID-19 in the future
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