An ultra-high voltage (>10 kV) direct-current triboelectric nanogenerator realized by structural and material optimizations

Abstract

High-voltage power supplies are pivotal in sectors such as agriculture, medicine, and environmental protection. However, conventional high-voltage sources are associated with environmental pollution, cumbersome size, high costs, and significant safety risks due to the accompanying high current. To address these challenges, we propose a high-voltage source that employs a direct-current triboelectric nanogenerator (DC-TENG). Based on contact electrification and electrostatic breakdown effects, the inherent electrostatic charges and minimal fixed capacitance enable the DC-TENG to generate ultra-high voltage with low current effortlessly. To fully harness the potential of this high-voltage technology, a theoretical model encompassing multiple discharge domains is developed and the three main constraints on open-circuit voltage are identified. Guided by the model, the optimized DC-TENG achieves a record output voltage of 10.85 kV through structural and material optimizations, effectively achieving water-oil separation and air purification within 2.5 and 3 minutes, respectively. This research not only fully exploits the high-voltage capabilities of DC-TENG but also offers an eco-friendly, portable, cost-effective, and safe alternative for supplying ultra-high voltage.