Abstract
Cellulose is the most widely used biopolymer, accounting for about 1.5 trillion tons of annual production on Earth. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a form produced by different species of bacteria, representing a purified form of cellulose. The structure of bacterial cellulose consists of glucose monomers that give it excellent properties for different medical applications (unique nanostructure, high water holding capacity, high degree of polymerization, high mechanical strength, and high crystallinity). These properties differ depending on the cellulose-producing bacteria. The most discussed topic is related to the use of bacterial cellulose as a versatile biopolymer for wound dressing applications. The aim of this review is to present the microbial aspects of BC production and potential applications in development of value-added products, especially for biomedical applications.
Highlights
Plants are the major contributor of cellulose and the first report on the discovery of cellulose produced by bacteria, especially by Acetobacter xylinum, was made by A.J
Brown talked about bacterial cellulose (BC) since 1986, major studies regarding the subject began in the 21st century [1]
Klemm (2010) were the first to attempt the use of vascular substitutes obtained from BC, obtaining the product bacterial synthesized cellulose (BASYC) which has been successfully applied as a synthetic blood vessel in animal models for microsurgery
Summary
Plants are the major contributor of cellulose and the first report on the discovery of cellulose produced by bacteria, especially by Acetobacter xylinum, was made by A.J. Recent studies show that bacterial cellulose can be produced by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The structure of bacterial cellulose consists of glucose monomers that give it excellent properties for different medical applications (unique nanostructure, high water holding capacity, high degree of polymerization, high mechanical strength, and high crystallinity). These properties differ depending on the cellulose-producing bacteria [2]. There have been many reviews about the production of bacterial cellulose and the various areas of application in the medical field.
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