Production of Bacterial Cellulose from Acetobacter Species and Its Applications – A Review

C.P Jamsheera,B.V Pradeep

doi:10.22207/jpam.15.2.48

Abstract

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer secreted as a protective cell covering of certain bacterial species. In contrary to plant cellulose, BC possesses some unique features like high moisture-holding capacity, high durability, high liquid absorbing capabilities, biostability, and biodegradability, makes BC an excellent raw material in wide-ranging areas like biomedical, food, agriculture, paper, textile industries and electronics. The main objective of this review is to discuss various aspects of BC production (different sources for bacterial strain isolation, culture media and, its alternatives also major culture techniques). In addition, various applications of BC are also reviewed.

Highlights

The most plentiful organic molecule in the biosphere is cellulose, an unbranched homopolymer of glucose
The major steps involved in Bacterial cellulose (BC) biogenesis are, phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, isomerization of glucose6-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate,transition of glucose-1-phosphate to uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and integration of linear β1,4-glucan chains from UDPG
Microbial cellulose can be obtained from a number of renewable sources, the Acetobacter sp is the role model for bacterial cellulose biogenesis

Summary

Introduction

The most plentiful organic molecule in the biosphere is cellulose, an unbranched homopolymer of glucose. BC composed of randomly distributed microfibrillar networks with unique structural properties, bio absorbency, high water holding capacity, gaseous exchange property, high-level of crystallinity, biodegradability is highlighted features of bacterial cellulose for use in the biomedical field It forms a compatible material with a nontoxic, non-pyrogenic nature[4,56]. In-situ (done by alteration of culture media, carbon source, and use of additives) and ex- situ (performed by chemical and physical treatments of BC yield) methods are used in BC modification[4] Cellulose digesting enzymes such as cellulase and beta glucanases are absent in human beings BC is poorly soluble in various physiological media and turns it into a potential constituent of various biomaterials with attractive features. Modification of bacterial cellulose for tissue engineering use can be done by in-situ or ex situ methods[84]

Conclusion

Conflict Of Interest

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