An Overview On Obesity: A Review

Abstract

Obesity is a worldwide issue; it depends on the number of conditions in which excess body fat of individual can lead to various complications. In India, the occurrence of obesity is growing continuously. It is defined as excessive deposition of fat in adipose tissue and can be easily diagnosed by checking Body Mass Index (BMI) of individual. Body Mass Index is independent of all age and same for both the gender. Obesity is a risk factor for most of the metabolic syndrome like Hypertension, Certain types of cancer (endometrial, breast, prostate, and colon), Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Heart disease, Stroke, Gallbladder disease, respiratory problems, Sleep Apnea, Osteoarthritis (joint pain) and lack of fertility, even individual experience inequity, injustice and stigma which affect their psychological and physical health. There are several drugs which can be used to treat other morbidities and can cause weight gain as their adverse effects. Medication inducing weight gain can be depressing to the patients; in such a situation alternative therapy is suggested. It’s a severe and neglected situation by the population. In spite of the significant effect of obesity, losing weight can result in considerable decrease in the complication for most of these co-morbid situations. Some fundamental management for overweight and obese patients involve behavioral change, regular physical activity, diet and nutrition, counseling about the safe and effective weight loss with a prominence on long duration weight management rather than short duration extreme or sudden weight decrease. In general, this review concentrates on complications related to obesity, its diagnosis and management for overweight and obesity.