Abstract
An overview of plastic-hinge model for steel frames under static loads is carried out in this paper. Both rigid-plastic and elastic-plastic methods for framed structures are reviewed, including advantages and disadvantages of each method. It concerns both analysis and optimization methodologies. The modeling of 3D plastic hinges by using the normality rule of the plasticity is described. The paper also touches on the consideration of strain hardening in the plastic-hinge modeling. Related to take into account different phenomena (distributed plasticity, imperfections, stiffness degradation, etc.), the practical modeling of members is summarized. How to consider behaviors and cost of beam-to-column connections is discussed. The existing methods to capture large displacements are briefly presented, as well as global formulations for different types of analysis and optimization procedures. For the illustration, several numerical examples are carried out, including a “loss a column” scenario in the robustness analysis.
Highlights
Steel frames show a high nonlinear behavior due to the plasticity of the material and the slenderness of members
How to approach the “actual” behavior of steel frames has been a large subject in the research field of constructional computation
The present paper consists in an overview of the plastic-hinge approach for 3D steel frames
Summary
Steel frames show a high nonlinear behavior due to the plasticity of the material and the slenderness of members. Either the plastic-zone or the plastic-hinge approach is adopted to capture the inelasticity of material and geometric nonlinearity of a framed structure. In the plastic-zone method, according to the requirement of refinement degree, a structure member should be discretized into a mesh of finite elements where the nonlinearities are involved. This approach may describe the “actual” behavior of structures, and it is known as a “quasi-exact” solution. The present paper consists in an overview of the plastic-hinge approach for 3D steel frames Both the rigid-plastic and elastic-plastic methods for framed structures are reviewed, including the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Several numerical examples are carried out, including a “loss a column” scenario in the robustness analysis
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