Abstract
The main purpose of the current manuscript is to review the agricultural extension system in Egypt. The information gleaned in this article could be useful for policymakers, extension administrators, and extension researchers to identify ways for improving educational services of devising training programs for audience and agents, approaches of farmers' participation, and schemes of policy development. More specifically the objectives of this study are to review the Egyptian agricultural extension system in terms of the: 1) the history of the Egyptian agricultural extension system, 2) the organizational structure of the Egyptian extension system, 3) types of agricultural extension and program delivery mechanisms in Egypt, 4) current situation of the Egyptian agricultural extension system, and 5) the possible future direction for the Egyptian agricultural extension system. A comprehensive review of gray literature was conducted to identify characteristics of the agricultural extension system in Egypt, relevant documents used including, foundation legislation, review and analysis of literature of international organizations as well as peer reviewed journal articles. The extension history, structure, and modes of operation were discussed, and the future directions were concluded.
Highlights
Introduction and ObjectivesThe use of the word "extension" derived from the educational development in England during the second half of the nineteenth century
The information gleaned in this article could be useful for policymakers, extension administrators, and extension researchers to identify ways for improving educational services of devising training programs for audience and agents, approaches of farmers' participation, and schemes of policy development
Exchange of information especially on farming is an innate human behavior; formal extension in most countries did not start until the late 1800s AD
Summary
The use of the word "extension" derived from the educational development in England during the second half of the nineteenth century. Just before 867 that a first practical attempt was made in what was designated as „university extension‟ but the activity developed quickly to become a well-established movement before the end of the century (Swanson, et al, 1997). Exchange of information especially on farming is an innate human behavior; formal extension in most countries did not start until the late 1800s AD. The first modern extension service was started in Ireland during the potato famine in 1845 (Swanson et al 1997). In the United States and Canada, formal extension started during the late 1800s. France began its national service in 1879 using itinerant agriculturists; Japan and many of the British colonies started extension services during that time (Anandajayasekeram, et al, 2008)
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