Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new enveloped RNA virus known as Coronavirus (COVID-19) are most prevalent in humans and wild animals. All four species that is alpha, beta, delta and theta have been identified till date and are responsible for human disease; causing influenza like illness (ILI). This virus has similar lineage of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and related Coronavirus (SARS-CoV). This outbreak initially presented as pneumonia-like illness in a group of people in Wuhan, China. The infection was said to be caused by seafood and unusual animals in the wholesale markets of this city. SARS-CoV-2 is highly infectious and has resulted in a rapid pandemic. As of now it has spread to 197 countries with total no of cases in the world being 3.76 million as of early march. The mortality till now is 7.11% .The cases have been increasing since its first discovery in China. In India also the number has been increased. Till now India has total of 39,980 cases and mortality is attributed to be 3.26%. As per data from Ministry of health and family welfare (MoHFW) death is more commonly seen in males with age >60years. Among these most of the deaths were related to other co-morbid conditions. This article will help the readers with an overview of novel Coronavirus spanning around the clinical features, diagnostic modalities, treatment strategies and infection control measures. It will also help in raising awareness among healthcare workers regarding COVID-19 and aid in early recognition of these patients. Moreover, this review will also focus on the most recent information for the effective management, prevention, and treatment of patients worldwide.
Highlights
COVID-19 pandemic is caused by Coronavirus, which was designated as SARS-CoV-2 initially
Coronaviruses are mostly responsible for causing respiratory diseases, from common flu like disease to more grave diseases leading to acute respiratory syndromes involving lower respiratory tract infection
According to the United Nations global economy could be reduced by almost 1% in 2020 because of this pandemic .Economists said that China’s economy could contract for the first time since 1970.In China, Cars sales have dropped by 68% and in the US by 48%.United Nations Development Program (UNDP) has predicted $220 billion reduction in revenue in developing countries
Summary
COVID-19 pandemic is caused by Coronavirus, which was designated as SARS-CoV-2 initially. Afterwards, the RNA from the SARS-CoV-2 acts as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern and is recognized by toll-like receptors on the host cell for attaching and infecting to other cell This process leads to excessive release of chemokines due to which neutrophil migrate along with activation of alveolar-capillary walls and destroys it. This genomic mRNA of CoV acts as an initial RNA of the infectious cycle; as a template ;one for replication and transcription events; and lastly acting as a substrate for viral packaging into the progeny virus and releasing through apoptosis 10. Earlier reports investigated the three novels HCoVs viruses which were associated with respiratory diseases, the first one was HCoV-HKU1
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