Abstract
The design and implementation of management policies for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) need to be supported by a holistic understanding of the functional processes, their complex interactions, and their response to various changes. Models developed to represent different functional processes and systems are seen as useful tools to support the related studies for different stakeholders in a tangible way. This paper presents an overview of modeling approaches applied to support aggregation-based management and integration of PEVs from the perspective of fleet operators and grid operators, respectively. We start by explaining a structured modeling approach, i.e., a flexible combination of process models and system models, applied to different management and integration studies. A state-of-the-art overview of modeling approaches applied to represent several key processes, such as charging management, and key systems, such as the PEV fleet, is then presented, along with a detailed description of different approaches. Finally, we discuss several considerations that need to be well understood during the modeling process in order to assist modelers and model users in the appropriate decisions of using existing, or developing their own, solutions for further applications.
Highlights
As a special kind of distributed energy resource (DER), a plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is a dynamically configurable mobile energy storage unit, with its spatial-temporal load profile primarily determined by its drivers
The difference between microscopic and analysis is related to the energy management of PEVs at a time scale from minutes macroscopic aspects can be found when the processes are modeled, which is reflected by to an hour; the fast transient dynamics caused by different real-time charging schemes (e.g.,the example shown in Figure constant voltage and constant current) are neglected
If the process of chargingproperties is under investigation, a transient-dynamic model developed with microscopic are more appropriate for analyzing continuous problems that have that a limited of properties are orientated towards capturing a high level of detail, as models thenumber dependency betweenbut current and voltage electrical equivalent circuits simulate thesuch charging controlling small number of PEVsto that are connected along one low feeder
Summary
As a special kind of distributed energy resource (DER), a plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is a dynamically configurable mobile energy storage unit, with its spatial-temporal load profile primarily determined by its drivers. PEVs need to be informed by a holistic understanding of involved systems (e.g., PEVF system, power system and energy market), various functional processes (e.g., scheduling and control), as well as system and energy market),Such various functional processes (e.g., scheduling andfunctional control), as well as their complex interactions. System models developed to contain number of characteristics, such as size of the fleet, type of PEVs, battery information and controllability. Because of the relatively low penetration of PEVs in power markets, the “price-taker” assumption is generally accepted in the majority of studies [18,19]. Provide another kind of envelope to the PEVFSimilar to market models, power system models provide another kind The of envelope to of the related studies that are often structured from the grid integration perspective. Service models that target more on finding solutions or developing better integration strategies
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