Abstract
Burkholderia is an important bacterial species which has different beneficial effects, such as promoting the plant growth, including rhizosphere competence for the secretion of allelochemicals, production of antibiotics, and siderophores. In addition, most of Burkholderia species have demonstrated promising biocontrol action against different phytopathogens for diverse crops. In particular, Burkholderia demonstrates significant biotechnological potential as a source of novel antibiotics and bioactive secondary metabolites. The current review is concerned with Burkholderia spp. covering the following aspects: discovering, classification, distribution, plant growth promoting effect, and antimicrobial activity of different species of Burkholderia, shedding light on the most important secondary metabolites, their pathogenic effects, and biochemical characterization of some important species of Burkholderia, such as B. cepacia, B. andropogonis, B. plantarii, B. rhizoxinica, B. glumae, B. caryophylli and B. gladioli.
Highlights
Burkholderia is an important bacterial species which has different beneficial effects, such as promoting the plant growth, including rhizosphere competence for the secretion of allelochemicals, production of antibiotics, and siderophores
The current review is concerned with Burkholderia spp. covering the following aspects: discovering, classification, distribution, plant growth promoting effect, and antimicrobial activity of different species of Burkholderia, shedding light on the most important secondary metabolites, their pathogenic effects, and biochemical characterization of some important species of Burkholderia, such as B. cepacia, B. andropogonis, B. plantarii, B. rhizoxinica, B. glumae, B. caryophylli and B. gladioli
Santos-Villalobos et al [75] found that siderophores, volatile metabolites produced by B. cepacia, were able to control the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Summary
In 1942, Burkholder described one of the first Burkholderia species, Phytomonas caryophylli [1], later known as Pseudomonas caryophylli. RRNA–DNA hybridization analyses during the early 1970s indicated considerable genetic diversity among members of this genus which was divided into five rRNA homology groups [4]. In 1992, the seven species belonging to rRNA homology group II (Pseudomonas solanacearum, P. pickettii, P. cepacia, P. gladioli, P. mallei, P. pseudomallei and P. caryophylli) were transferred to the novel genus Burkholderia [6]. Burkholderia are motile and gram negative (G-ve) rods that may be straight or slightly curved. They are aerobic, catalase positive, urease positive, non-spore formers and non-lactose fermenting [9]. The ribosomal RNA gene is highly conserved and universally distributed in all living things, and the difference in the DNA sequences between 16S and 23S rRNA genes can be used to differentiate between different species [10]
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