Abstract
One characteristic that can be observed in family farming is the diversity of activities that are carried out concurrently on the property, providing and guaranteeing products for personal consumption or sale over the course of the year. Fish farming, an activity destined for fish production, is often one of these activities developed by family farmers and contributes to the access to quality protein for rural families and to increase income. Furthermore, the techniques used for fish production in family farming can foment a sustainable form of production. However, the lack of incentives regarding extension projects, marketing barriers, the lack of integration of traditional communities in decision making, and the absence of adequate technical information for the reality of rural properties make this activity limited and even ineffective in some regions. The encouragement of this activity could provide family farmers with improved economic conditions and food security and, consequently, the reduction of poverty in rural areas. The present study originated from a bibliographic review that addresses the activity of fish production and its impacts on the development of rural family activities, food security, and public and social policies for the maintenance, regularity, and quality of the final product.
Highlights
Fish farming, a form of Aquaculture, is an activity aimed at producing fish and, according to Garutti (2003), cultivating fish can represent an excellent leisure activity and a profitable economic activity.According to the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA, 2017), concerns with sustainability, populational growth, and food security constitute challenges for countries in the decade
The proportion of people employed in capture fisheries decreased from 83% in 1990 to 68% in 2016, whereas the percentage of people employed in aquaculture increased correspondingly from 17% to 32% (The state of world fisheries and aquaculture-FAO, 2018)
Food insecurity is characterized by the following categories: Mild Food Insecurity (MiFI), Moderate Food Insecurity (MoFI), and Severe Food Insecurity (SFI), with each one indicating a greater decline in food quantity, quality, and provision, reaching the most serious expression, famine
Summary
A form of Aquaculture, is an activity aimed at producing fish and, according to Garutti (2003), cultivating fish can represent an excellent leisure activity and a profitable economic activity. Food insecurity is characterized by the following categories: Mild Food Insecurity (MiFI), Moderate Food Insecurity (MoFI), and Severe Food Insecurity (SFI), with each one indicating a greater decline in food quantity, quality, and provision, reaching the most serious expression, famine According to this same institute (IBGE, 2020), the prevalence of FI in rural areas was higher than that found in urban areas, and the situation of SFI in rural households was 7.1%, 3 percentage points higher than that recorded in urban areas (4.1%). In this context, fish farming can be suggested as an activity that offers an opportunity for family farmholds with the objective of maintaining natural resources, sustainability, subsistence, income generation, and nutritional guarantee. The aim of the present study was to review how family fish farming can impact its development, reflecting on economic, social, and food security aspects
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